Review on Biological Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation

(2018)
Method

Data Synthesis Approach Mechanistic Analysis:

Explained how EMR interacts with biological systems:

Thermal effects (tissue heating)

Non-thermal effects (e.g., ROS generation, calcium ion flux)

Case Studies:

Highlighted key research proving EMR harm, e.g.:

  1. Reduced seed germination in plants near cell towers
  2. Bee colony collapse linked to RF exposure
Source

Computers, mobile phones, WiFi, Bluetooth, radio and TV transmitters, oven etc

Result

Critical role of wireless technologies in modern living

Harmful emissions from electronic devices

Wide-ranging impacts on human health and ecosystems

Need for greater emphasis on health considerations in tech development

Effects:

  • Effects on human DNA
  • Effects on Nervous System and Psycological disorder
  • Effect on Cancer
  • Effects on Fertility and Reproduction
  • Fetal and Neonatal effects
  • Effects on Learning and memory
  • Vulnerability of Children to EM radiation

Practical solutions to minimize adverse effects

  1. Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) Structures
  2. Frequency Spectrum Solutions:
  • Reducing congestion in the 800, 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz bands
  • Utilizing millimeter-wave bands (20-70 GHz)

Implementing low-power base stations (Micro, Pico, and Femto cells)